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<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="p0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'">1<font face="宋体">. 引言</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> 1986<font face="宋体">年</font><font face="Arial">2</font><font face="宋体">月,</font><font face="Arial">Robert Bosch</font><font face="宋体">公司在</font><font face="Arial">SAE </font><font face="宋体">汽车工程协会大会上介绍了一种新型的串行总线</font><font face="Arial">CAN</font><font face="宋体">控制器局域网,那是</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">诞生的时刻。今天在欧洲几乎每一辆新客车均装配有</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">局域网,同样</font><font face="Arial">CAN</font><font face="宋体">也用于其他类型的交通工具从火车到轮船或者用于工业控制。</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">已经成为全球范围内最重要的总线之一,甚至领导着串行总线,在</font><font face="Arial">1999</font><font face="宋体">年接近</font><font face="Arial">6 </font><font face="宋体">千万个</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">控制器投入应用,</font><font face="Arial">2000</font><font face="宋体">年市场销售超过</font><font face="Arial">1 </font><font face="宋体">亿个</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">器件。但在国内,基于历史或者其他的原因,大多数的厂商工程师在设计产品工程立项时,第一想到的是应用</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">总线系统。但是,随着社会的发展,对计算机控制要求越来越高,现场应用的条件越来越复杂,所以,</font><font face="Arial">CAN</font><font face="宋体">网络总线替代</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">网络总线将成为历史的必然趋势。</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> 2<font face="宋体">.</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">和</font><font face="Arial">CAN</font><font face="宋体">网络总线性能比较</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> RS-485<font face="宋体">是一种半双工、全双工异步通信总线,是为弥补</font><font face="Arial">RS-232 </font><font face="宋体">通信距离短、速率低等缺点而产生的。</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">只规定了平衡驱动器和接收器的电气特性,而没有规定接插件、传输电缆和应用层通信协议,因而在当时看来是一种相对经济、具有相当高噪声抑制、相对高的传输速率、传输距离远和宽共模范围的平台。</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">总线上只能有一个主机,往往应用在集中控制枢纽与分散控制单元之间。但是,</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus </font><font face="宋体">是一种多主方式的串行通讯总线,基本设计规范要求有高的位速率、高抗电磁干扰性而且能够检测出产生的任何错误。</font><font face="Arial">CAN- bus</font><font face="宋体">总线在通信能力可靠性、实时性、灵活性、易用性、传输距离远、成本低等方面有着明显的优势,成为业界最有前途的现场总线之一。</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">与</font><font face="Arial">CAN</font><font face="宋体">总线性能比较见表</font><font face="Arial">1</font><font face="宋体">:</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">通过表</font><font face="Arial">1</font><font face="宋体">比较可知:</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">网络除了硬件成本开发难度比</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus </font><font face="宋体">网络稍具优势外,其他性能方面都没有可比性。在产品更新速度特别快的今天,如果将产品的上市时间产品的后期维护、软件开发难度等计算在一起,</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">的硬件成本优势也变得不十分明显,因而用</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">总线取代</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">总线是一种比较彻底的方案。</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">特性 </font><font face="Arial">RS-485 CAN-bus</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">成本 低廉 稍高,多</font><font face="Arial">20-30</font><font face="宋体">元</font><font face="Arial">/</font><font face="宋体">节点</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">总线利用率 低 高</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">网络特性 单主节点 多主节点</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">数据传输率 低 高</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">容错机制 无 可靠的错误处理和检错机制</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">通讯失败率 高 极低</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">节点错误的影响 导致整个网络瘫痪 无任何影响</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">通讯距离 </font><font face="Arial"><1.5Km </font><font face="宋体">可达</font><font face="Arial">10Km</font><font face="宋体">(</font><font face="Arial">5Kbps</font><font face="宋体">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">网络调试 困难 容易</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">开发难度 简单 需要一定的技术基础</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">后期维护成本 很高 低</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">表</font><font face="Arial">1</font><font face="宋体">:</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">与</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus </font><font face="宋体">优缺点比较</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> 3. RS 485 <font face="宋体">总线网络与</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus </font><font face="宋体">总线网络的互联</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">一下子完全放弃</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">网络系统有困难的,尤其是在已经具有现成的硬件网络中。因此可以考虑一种折衷的、暂时的方法,就是在保留现有</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">系统硬件结构的基础上,添加一个</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus </font><font face="宋体">接口。这里,可以选择</font><font face="Arial">CAN485 </font><font face="宋体">智能转换器来实现</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">网络与</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">网络的互联。</font><font face="Arial">CAN485 </font><font face="宋体">智能</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">转换器用于实现</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">总线接口和</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">总线接口之间的转换,可以很方便的使用在采用</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">接口的主机或从机</font><font face="Arial">(</font><font face="宋体">如现场控制单元智能网络节点等</font><font face="Arial">)</font><font face="宋体">,</font><font face="Arial"> </font><font face="宋体">这样,不需要改变已有的硬件结构即可使得设备获得</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">的接口,实现基于</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">网的网络数据和命令的传输,也可用于连接</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">网络和</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">网络解决了不同网络终端设备的互连问题,适用于原有</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">网络到</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">网络升级。</font><font face="Arial">-</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">如图</font><font face="Arial">1</font><font face="宋体">所示,利用</font><font face="Arial">CAN485</font><font face="宋体">智能</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">转化器,实现了</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">网络</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus </font><font face="宋体">网络的数据互换。但是作为一种过渡性的方案,系统性能受限于</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">网络,并不能充分体现</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus </font><font face="宋体">系统优越的性能。该方案仅仅适合那些在新旧系统并存、性能要求不高、新系统与旧系统有相同运行机制的地方。</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">插图</font><font face="Arial">1 CAN485 </font><font face="宋体">智能转换器应用图示</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> 4<font face="宋体">.</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus</font><font face="宋体">总线网络完全替代</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">总线网络</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">对于系统性能实时性、可靠性要求高的场合,可以考虑完全摒弃</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">系统来构建一个新的</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus </font><font face="宋体">系统。构建</font><font face="Arial">CAN bus </font><font face="宋体">系统需要考虑网络布局、节点电路的设计等。</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> 4 .1 CAN-bus<font face="宋体">总线网络布局</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">于</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus</font><font face="宋体">与</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">在电气特性、网络拓扑、传播媒体等有太多相似的地方</font><font face="Arial">,</font><font face="宋体">所以</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus</font><font face="宋体">网络替换</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">网络是非常方便节省成本的。图</font><font face="Arial">2</font><font face="宋体">和图</font><font face="Arial">3</font><font face="宋体">分别为</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus</font><font face="宋体">和</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">的电气连接图。</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">插图</font><font face="Arial">2 CAN-bus</font><font face="宋体">的电气连接图</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">插图</font><font face="Arial">3 RS-485</font><font face="宋体">典型的二线制网络连接图</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">从上图比较可知</font><font face="Arial">CAN</font><font face="宋体">与</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">的网络拓扑一般都采用终端匹配的总线型结构,而且也都没有规定总线电缆的机械和材料参数。如果</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">的传播媒体是光纤,那么原有的网络布局不需要作任何改动(包括网线),只需要用</font><font face="Arial">CAN</font><font face="宋体">节点来替换</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">节点即可;但是如果是应用双绞线(屏蔽或不屏蔽),则</font><font face="Arial">CAN</font><font face="宋体">网络必须要满足如表</font><font face="Arial">2</font><font face="宋体">所示的物理媒体参数。如果旧的</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">网络的双绞线(屏蔽或不屏蔽)不符合表中的参数,为了获得最佳的系统性能,那只有重新铺设网络电缆,并用</font><font face="Arial">CAN</font><font face="宋体">节点来替换</font><font face="Arial">RS-485 </font><font face="宋体">节点。实际的</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">系统中,大多数双绞线的阻抗特性在</font><font face="Arial">102</font><font face="宋体">至</font><font face="Arial">120</font><font face="宋体">之间。如果系统中应用的波特率不是很高、传输距离不是很远,则可以保留原有的网络电缆,要注意网络两端的终端电阻值为</font><font face="Arial">120</font><font face="宋体">左右。</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">参数 标志 单位 最小值 标称值 最大值 条件</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">阻抗 </font><font face="Arial">Z </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> 108 120 132 <font face="宋体">单线之间</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">与长度有关的电阻 </font><font face="Arial">r </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> 70 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">规定线延迟 </font><font face="Arial">ns/m</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> 0 5 <font face="宋体">位时间+接收、发送延迟 </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">表</font><font face="Arial">2 </font><font face="宋体">符合</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">网络的双线屏蔽或不屏蔽的物理媒体参数</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> 4 .2 CAN-bus <font face="宋体">总线节点设计</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">任何</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">节点至少要包括微控制器(</font><font face="Arial">MCU</font><font face="宋体">)、</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">协议控制器、</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">收发器三部分。随着</font><font face="Arial">CAN</font><font face="宋体">技术的普及,</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">器件的种类也越来越丰富,有许多的</font><font face="Arial">MCU </font><font face="宋体">、</font><font face="Arial">DSP </font><font face="宋体">中都集成了</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">协议控制器,根据不同的需要可以选择不同的器件。如果有特别的需要,在</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">收发器与总线之间或者是</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">协议控制器与</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">收发器之间加入光电隔离,以提高系统的抗干扰能力。对于节点性能要求比较高的场合,</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus </font><font face="宋体">部分选择独立的</font><font face="Arial">CAN </font><font face="宋体">控制器</font><font face="Arial">SJA1000</font><font face="宋体">,微处理器则可以灵活选择各种高速器件如高速</font><font face="Arial">51 </font><font face="宋体">、</font><font face="Arial">ARM </font><font face="宋体">、</font><font face="Arial">DSP </font><font face="宋体">、</font><font face="Arial">PowerPC X86 </font><font face="宋体">等以适应不同的应用环境。图</font><font face="Arial">4 </font><font face="宋体">描述了</font><font face="Arial">P87C52X2</font><font face="宋体">在</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus </font><font face="宋体">节点中的经典应用。</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">插图</font><font face="Arial">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> 5<font face="宋体">.结语</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><br/></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial'; FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"> <font face="宋体">总之,较之</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">,</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus</font><font face="宋体">网络总线是一种技术先进、可靠性高、功能完善、成本合理的远程网络通讯控制方式,已被广泛应用到各个自动化控制系统中从高速的网络到低价位的多路接线都可以使用</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus </font><font face="宋体">例如在汽车电子、自动控制、智能大厦、电力系统、安防监控等各领域</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus</font><font face="宋体">都具有不可比拟的优越性。由于</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">网络总线自身的缺点存在,随着计算机网络的发展,</font><font face="Arial">RS-485</font><font face="宋体">网络总线将完全被</font><font face="Arial">CAN-bus</font><font face="宋体">取而代之。</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New" Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: 'yes'"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><!--EndFragment--> |
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