<FONT face=宋体> 一、</FONT>PLC概述<P> </P><P 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-char-indent-size: 11.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> 1.PLC定义:(结合实物介绍)</P><P 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> ·工业环境下控制器</P><P 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> ·微机控制系统(有存储器、CPU等微机主要部件,进行逻辑运算和算术运算)</P><P 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> ·数字式和模拟式输入输出</P><P 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> 2.产生背景</P><P 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> (1)美国通用汽车公司(GM)于1968年提出GM10条指标:</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"> ①编程简单 ②维护方便 ③可靠性高 ④体积小 ⑤能通讯 ⑥成本适当 ⑦输入115V交流<P> </P></P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">⑧输出交流115V、2A ⑨方便扩展 ⑩存储器4K</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(2)1969年,美国数据设备公司(DEC)研制成功。</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(3)1975~1976年,集成电路、计算机技术飞速发展,将CPU集成电路、存储器与控制器有机结合。</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">3.应用领域</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(1)开关量控制<P> </P></P><P 19.95pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.9; mso-char-indent-size: 11.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">PLC首选目标,入/出点数从十几点到几万点。</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(2)模拟量控制<P> </P></P><P 19.95pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.9; mso-char-indent-size: 11.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">电流4~20Ma、电压0~5V或0~10V、温度、流量、压力、PID等特殊I/O单元,功能强且单一方向。</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(3)数字量控制<P> </P></P><P 19.95pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.9; mso-char-indent-size: 11.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">机床部件位移、技术脉冲频率达几十KHZ,旋转编码器、步进电机(如NC单元、定位控制)。</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(4)数据采集<P> </P></P><P 19.95pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.9; mso-char-indent-size: 11.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">数据区,至少1K字。</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(5)监控、通讯、联网<P> </P></P><P 19.95pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.9; mso-char-indent-size: 11.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">一台计算机管理最多32台PLC,PLC与PLC、PLC与智能化执行装置间,点~线~面,设备级~生产线级~工厂管理层。</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">4.发展趋势</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">硬件:高速度、高I/O容量、高联网能力。</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">软件:高级语言、图形语言、汇编语言兼容。</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">二、PLC、继电器、单片机系统比较(结合系统实物介绍)<B><P> </P></B></P><P 22.9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><B>继电器:</B>由开关、继电器、接触器等组成,靠硬接线实现逻辑运算,有触点,并行方式,易出现故障,排除难,不易系统更新换代。<P> </P></P><P 22.9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.9; mso-char-indent-size: 12.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><B>PLC:</B>CPU、存储器等微机系统,程序控制方式,无触点,串行方式,成品组装,可靠性极强,安装、使用、维护、维修方便,易系统更新换代。</P><P 22.9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><B>单片机:</B>硬件需人工设计、焊接,需较强的电子技术技能,抗干扰能力差,程序控制方式,无触点,维护、使用需较强的专业知识,程序设计较难,系统更新换代周期长。</P><P 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">三、PLC特点</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">1.功能丰富<P> </P></P><P 13.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.26; mso-char-indent-size: 11.15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(1)指令几十条、几百条,可实现逻辑运算、算术运算。<P> </P></P><P 19.95pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.9; mso-char-indent-size: 11.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(2)数据存储区<P> </P></P><P 13.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.26; mso-char-indent-size: 11.15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(3)定时/计数器量大<P> </P></P><P 13.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.26; mso-char-indent-size: 11.15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(4)PLC具有自检、通讯功能。<P> </P></P><P 19.95pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.9; mso-char-indent-size: 11.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">2.使用方便</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(1)配置方便:CPU、电源、模块、底板组装。</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(2)安装方便</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(3)编程方便</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(4)维修方便</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(5)改用方便<P> </P></P><P 19.95pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.9; mso-char-indent-size: 11.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">3.工作可靠</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(1)硬件:光电隔离,屏蔽,滤波,结构设计,工艺制造,模块热备。</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(2)软件:集中采样,集中输出,系统自检,检测指令。<P> </P></P><P 19.95pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.9; mso-char-indent-size: 11.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">4.经济合算</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(1)PLC随首次投资较大,体积小,辅助设施少。</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(2)省电。</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(3)工作可靠,停工损失少。</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(4)维修费用少。</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(5)附加价值。</P><P 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">四、PLC基本类型</P><P 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">1.按控制规模</P><P 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(1)微型机:几十点</P><P 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(2)小型机:500点以下</P><P 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(3)中型机:500~1000点</P><P 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(4)大型机:1000点以上</P><P 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(5)超大型机:10000点<P> </P></P><P 13.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.26; mso-char-indent-size: 11.15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">2.按结构(实物展示)</P><P 53.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 53.25pt">(1) 箱体式:如CPM1A、FP0、FX2N。</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(2)模块式:S7-300<B><P> </P></B></P><P 13.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.26; mso-char-indent-size: 11.15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">3.按生产厂家</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(1)德国西门子</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(2)美国GE</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(3)美国AB</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(4)日本OMRON</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(5)美国莫迪康</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(6)日本三菱</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(7)日本松下</P><P 17.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly">(8)中国无锡华光</P> |