千家论坛_智能建筑与智能家居技术交流社区
标题:
综合布线系统设计要领
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作者:
bthjp
时间:
2009-12-16 21:51
标题:
综合布线系统设计要领
<span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">一般来说,国际信息通信标准是随着科学技术的发展,逐步修订、完善的。综合布线系统也是随着新技术的发展和新产品的问世,逐步完善而趋向成熟。我们在设计智能化建筑物</span><span lang="EN-US">PDS</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">期间,要提出并研究近期和长远的需求是非常必要的。目前,国际上各综合布线产品都只提出</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">年质量保证体系,并没有提出多少年投资保证。为了保护建筑物投资者的利益,我们可采取</span><span lang="EN-US"> “</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">总体规划,分布实施,水平布线尽量一步到位</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">。主干线大多数都设置在建筑物弱电井,更换或扩充比较省事;水平布线是在建筑物的天花板内或管道里,施工费比初始投资的材料费高。如果更换水平布线,要损坏建筑结构,影响整体美观。因此,我们在设计水平布线,尽量选用档次较高的线缆及连接件,缩短布线周期。<span class="list">2</span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">.系统设计</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">综台布线是智能大厦建设中的一项新兴技术工程项目,它不完全是建筑工程中的</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">弱电</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">工程。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">智能化建筑是由智能化建筑环境内系统集成中心利用综合布线系统连接和控制</span><span lang="EN-US">“3A”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">系统组成的。布线系统设计是否合理,直接影响到</span><span lang="EN-US">“3A”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">的功能。</span><span lang="EN-US">(3A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">即楼宇自动化</span><span lang="EN-US">—Building Automation</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">、办公自动化</span><span lang="EN-US">—Office Automation</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">、通信自动化</span><span lang="EN-US">—Communication Automation)</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">设计与实现一个合理综合布线系统一般有六个步骤:</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">获取建筑物平面图;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">分析用户需求;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">系统结构设计;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">布线路由设计;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">绘制布线施工图;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">编制布线用料清单。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">星型拓扑结构布线方式,具有多元化的功能,可以使任一子系统单独地布线,每一子系统均为一独立的单元组,更改任一子系统时,均不会影响其它子系统。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">一个完善确定设计的布线走线系统,其目标是,在既定时间以外,允许在有新需求的集成过程中,不必再去进行水平布线,损坏建筑装饰而影响审美。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">为了使智能建筑与智能建筑园区的工程设计具体化,根据实际需要,我们将综合布线系统分为三个设计等级:</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">1</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">.基本型</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">适用于综合布线系统中配置标准较低的场合,用铜芯电缆组网。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">基本型综合布线系统配置:</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(1)</span></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">每个工作区</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">站</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">有一个信息插座;</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(2)</span></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">每个工作区</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">站</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">的配线电缆为一条</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">对双绞线,引至楼层配线架;</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(3)</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">完全采用夹接式交接硬件;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(4)</span></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">每个工作区</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">站</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">的干线电缆</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">即楼层配线架至设备间总配线架电线</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">至少有</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">对双绞线。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">2</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">.增强型</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">适用于综合布线系统中中等配置标难的场合,用铜芯电缆组网。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">增强型综台布线系统配置:</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(1)</span></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">每个工作区</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">站</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">有两个以上信息插座;</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(2)</span></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">每个工作区</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">站</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">的配线电缆均为一条独立的</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">对双绞线,引至楼层配线架;</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(3)</span></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">采用夹接式</span><span lang="EN-US">(110A</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">系列</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">或接插式</span><span lang="EN-US">(110P</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">系列</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">交接硬件;</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(4)</span></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">每个工作区</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">站</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">的干线电缆</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">即楼层配线架至设备问总配线架</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">至少有</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">对双绞线。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">3</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">.综合型</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">适用于综合布线系统中配置标准较高的场合,用光缆和铜芯电缆混合组网。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">综合型综合布线系统配登:</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(1)</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">在基本型和增强型综合布线系统的基础上增设光缆系统;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(2)</span></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">在每个基本型工作区的干线电缆中至少配有</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">对双绞线;</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(3)</span></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">在每个增强型工作区的干线电缆中至少有</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">对双绞线。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">综合布线系统应能满足所支持的数据系统的传输速率要求,并应选用相应等级的传输</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">缆线和设备。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">综合布线系统应能满足所支持的语音、数据、图像系统的传输标准要求。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">综合布线系统所有设备之间连接端子、塑料绝缘的电缆或、电缆环箍应有色标。不仅各</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">个线对是用颜色识别的,而只线束组也使用同一图表中的色标。这样有利于维护检修。这也</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">是综合布线系统的特点之一。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">所有基本型、增强型、综合型综合布线系统都能支持语音、数据、图像等系统,能随工程的需要转向更高功能的布线系统。它们之间的主要区别在于:</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">①</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">支持语音和数据服务所采用的方式;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">②</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">在移动和重新布局时实施线路管理的灵活性。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">1</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">.基本型综台布线系统的特点</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(1)</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">是一种富有价格竞争力的综合布线方案,能支持所有语音和数据的应用;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(2)</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">应用于语音、语音/数据或高速数据;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(3)</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">便于技术人员管理;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(4)</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">采用气体放电管式过压保护和能够自复的过流保护;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(5)</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">能支持多种计算机系统数据的传输。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">2</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">.增强型综合布线系统的特点</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">增强型综合布线系统不仅具有增强功能.而且还可提供发展余地。它支持语音和数据应用,并可按需要利用端子板进行管理。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(1)</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">每个工作区行二个信息插座,不仅机动灵活,而且功能齐全,</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(2)</span></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">任何</span><span lang="EN-US">—</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">个信息插座都可提供语音和高速数据应用;</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(3)</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">按需要可利用端子板进行管理;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(4)</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">是一个能为多个数据设备制造部门环境服务的经济有效的综合布线方案</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">(5)</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">采用气体放电管式过压保护和能够自复的过流保护。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">3</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">.综合型综合布线系统的特点</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">综合型综合布线系统的主要特点是引入光缆,可适用于规模较大的建筑物或建筑群,其余特点与基本型或增强型相同。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">综合布线系统设计要领:</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">1</span></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">.在</span><span lang="EN-US">PDS</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">设计起始阶段,设计人员要作到:</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">评估用户的通信要求和计算机网络要;</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">评估用户楼宇控制设备自动化程度</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">评估安装设施的实际建筑物或建筑群环境和结构</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">确定通信、计算机网络、楼宇控制所使用的传输介质</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><br/><span class="list">2</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">.将初步的系统设汁方案和预算成本通知用户单位。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">3. </span></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">在收到最后合同批准书后,完成以下的系统配置、布局蓝图和文档记录</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">电缆线路由文档</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">光缆分配及管理</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">布局和接合细节</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">光缆链路,损耗预算</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">施工许可证</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">n </span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">订货信。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">如同任何一个工程一样,系统设计方案和施工图的详细程度将随工程项目复杂程度而异,并与合同条款、可用资源及工期有关。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">设计文档一定要齐全,以便能检验指定的</span><span lang="EN-US">PDS</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">设计等级是否符合所规定的标准。而且在</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">验收系统符合全部设计要求之前,必须备有这种设计文档。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">4</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">.应始终确保已完成合同规定的光缆链路一致性测试,而且光缆链路损耗是可接受的。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">介质及连接硬件的性能规格</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">在结构化布线系统中</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">布线硬件主要包括</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">配线架、传输介质、通信插座、插座板、线槽和管道等。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">1)</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">介质</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">主要有双绞线和光纤</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">在我国主要采用双绞线与光缆混合使用的方法。光纤主要用于高质量信息传输及主干连接</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">按信号传送方式可分为多模光纤和单模光纤两种</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">线径为</span><span lang="EN-US">62.5/125</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">微米。在水平连接上主要使用多模光纤</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">在垂直主干上主要使用单模光纤。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/><span class="list">2)</span></span><span class="list" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">接头及插座</span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">在每个工作区至少应有两个信息插座</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">一个用于语音</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">一个用于数据。插座的管脚组合为</span><span lang="EN-US"> :1&2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US">3&6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US">4&5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US">7&8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">我国基本上采用北美的结构化布线策略</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">即使用双绞线十光纤的混合布线方式。</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">双绞线又分为屏蔽线与非屏蔽线两种。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">屏蔽系统是为了保证在有干扰环境下系统的传输性能。抗干扰性能包括两个方面</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">即系统抵御外来电磁干扰的能力和系统本身向外发射电磁干扰的能力</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">对于后者</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">欧洲通过了电磁兼容性测试标准</span><span lang="EN-US">EMC</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">规范。实现屏蔽的一般方法是在连接硬件外层包上金属屏蔽层以滤除不必要的电磁波。现已有</span><span lang="EN-US">STP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">及</span><span lang="EN-US">S-STP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">两种不同结构的屏蔽线供选择。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">屏蔽系统的屏蔽层应该接地。在频率低于</span><span lang="EN-US">1MHz</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">时</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">一点接地即可。当频率高于</span><span lang="EN-US">1MHz</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">时</span><span lang="EN-US">,EMC</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">认为最好在多个位置接地。通常的做法是在每隔波长十分之一的长度处接地</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">且接地线的长度应小于波长的十二分之一。如果接地不良</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">接地电阻过大、拦地电位不均衡等</span><span lang="EN-US">),</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">就会产生电势差</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">这样</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">将构成保证屏蔽系统性能的障碍和隐患。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="list"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">值得注意的是,屏蔽电缆不能决定系统的整体</span><span lang="EN-US">EMC</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">性能。屏蔽系统的整体性取决于系统中最弱的元器伯。如跳接面板、连接器信息口、设备等。因此</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">若屏蔽线在安装过程中出现袭缝</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New" Roman'">则构成子屏蔽系统中最危险的环节</span></span></span></span>
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