<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">概要：厂家角色细分，采用统一的网络架构和协议，众多的集成商参与二次开发。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">
</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">楼宇自控的开放性，目前已经成为业内的共识。这其实是一个含糊的说法，下面就开放性的细节展开讨论。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">依上文（《论楼宇自控系统的六层模型》）观点，楼控模型是分六层的，开放性应表现在每层之间的接口上，即每个接口都应该开放、标准化。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Calibri">1，</font><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;">
</span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">微电子接口：该接口目前是标准化的，不管是电压</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">0</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">～</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">10V</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、电流</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">～</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">20mA</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、电阻等，都来自于通用的工业标准，不同厂家的产品无需约定，即可互换。有些系统集成也在这个层面实现，但成本高、功能少，只是实现门槛较低。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Calibri">2，</font><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;">
</span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">二级总线接口：该接口目前是种类最多的，各种总线、标准，开放的、专用的，来自各个行业的，都在这里大显身手。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 60pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"><font face="Arial" size="3">● </font></span></span></span><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet/MSTP/RS485</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">，是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">RS485</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">总线的子集，支持令牌环模式和主</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">从模式。完全开放，实现成本较低，协议复杂程度居中。具体实现可裁剪，即可以实现简单输入输出，也可实现</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议的高级功能。目前已逐步成为主流。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 60pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"><font face="Arial" size="3">● </font></span></span></span><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">Lonworks</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">，十几年来发展十分迅猛，涵盖了包括楼控的十几个行业应用，由此也形成市场上厂家众多，产品齐全的局面。其完整的总线架构可以满足各种环境的应用。但其开放性是打折扣的，其对象模型的合理性也比不上</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议。诸多因素，使</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">Lonworks</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">难以作为整个楼控的总线协议。在二级总线这个层面，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">Lonworks</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">有很强的竞争力。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 60pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"><font face="Arial" size="3">● </font></span></span></span><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">MODBUS/RS485</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">，由于</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">MODBUS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议的简单，使之已成为工控仪表总线的主流，市场上基于</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">MODBUS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">的产品更是多如牛毛。使用</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">MODBUS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">做二级总线是实现门槛最低的。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 60pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"><font face="Arial" size="3">● </font></span></span></span><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">ZigBee</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">，是近几年崛起的完全开放的无线通讯协议，其主要采用</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">2.4G</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">频率，目前已经有数十个厂家推出</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">ZigBee</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">解决方案。其低成本、低功耗、低速率、自动路由非常适合楼宇应用，可作为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">RS485</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">的补充，甚至替代。目前该协议还没有实现和其他楼控协议的无缝对接。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 60pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"><font face="Arial" size="3">● </font></span></span></span><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">其他总线如：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">CAN</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">EIB</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">等总线在楼控也有应用，没有成为主流。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">目前市场上的产品大部分还是采用企业内部总线，说明二级总线的开放程度很低。二级总线实现开放的障碍有很多，各厂家系统结构不同、厂家保护既得利益、现场的复杂性使哪种总线都无法做到完美。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Calibri">3，</font><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;">
</span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">一级总线接口：以太网已成为唯一的主流，但上面跑的协议五花八门，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet/Ethernet</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet/IP</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">MODBUS/TCP</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">XML</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、专用协议等。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 60pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"><font face="Arial" size="3">● </font></span></span></span><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet/IP</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">，是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议基于以太网和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">UDP/IP</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议的子集，是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议的主要成员。由于以太网的高速，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">的所有功能，数据访问、报警、对象管理、历史记录等功能都能实现高速率。其基于</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">IP</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议，又能确保跨越</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">IP</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">路由器，使</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet/IP</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">可以直接跨越广域网，弥补了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet/Ethernet </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">的不足。但由于</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议族庞大冗杂，要想在一级总线实现，门槛很高。同时，由于</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议是唯一的专门为楼控开发的通讯协议，其对象模型可跨越二级总线、一级总线、软件总线，技术合理性极高。一旦实现完全的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议，其开放性、易用性、合理性会大大降低系统集成的门槛，是最符合用户利益的。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 60pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"><font face="Arial" size="3">● </font></span></span></span><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">MODBUS/TCP</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">，是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">MODBUS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">TCP/IP</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议栈上的实现，继承了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">MODBUS/RS485</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">简单的特点，实现了</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">MODBUS</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">数据的远传和高速访问。目前采用该协议做一级总线的不多，即使用，也扩展了大量自定义功能，难以实现真正的标准化。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">在该层总线集成较容易，但协议集成，由于涉及到核心控制器的通讯问题，难度较大。目前不同系统间的通讯网关多在这个层面上实现。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Calibri">4，</font><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;">
</span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">软件总线接口：实现相对容易，成本较低，在这级总线有很多的标准和协议：</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 60pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"><font face="Arial" size="3">● </font></span></span></span><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">OPC</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">OPC</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">采用微软的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">COM/DCOM</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">技术，实现在局域网内的通讯标准化，经过十几年的发展，楼控和工控领域的各厂家和集成商都开发了大量的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">OPCServer</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">OPCClient</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">驱动，以实现两个异构系统的互联。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">OPC</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">支持数据访问、报警、历史记录，最近已支持</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">XML</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">，且</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">OPC</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">性能优异，能够满足各种集成的需求。但微软</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">DCOM</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">固有的缺陷（如：不能跨越广域网、不能跨越防火墙、安装配置复杂、不支持其他软件平台等）已经不能满足更高的测控软件的需求。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 60pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"><font face="Arial" size="3">● </font></span></span></span><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet/WebService</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">：是</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议基于</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">XML/WebService</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">的子集。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">WebService</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">本身具有开放、跨平台、跨防火墙、跨广域网、易开发等优点，是目前软件集成的主流技术，各大软件公司：微软、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">IBM</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">SUN</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BEA</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">等都全力支持。最新的开发技术</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">.net</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">JAVA</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">AJAX</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">等都对</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">WebService</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">有很好的支持。同时，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">WebServie</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">有很好的安全机制。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet/WebService</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">支持大部分</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">BACnet</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">协议的功能，是软件总线理想的开放协议。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 60pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"><font face="Arial" size="3">● </font></span></span></span><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">DDE</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">：基于微软早期</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">16 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">位</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"> Windows</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">时的技术，趋于淘汰。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 60pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"><font face="Arial" size="3">● </font></span></span></span><span style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman;"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Calibri">ODBC</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">：是微软开发的数据库接口，可以屏蔽不同数据库的差异，易于实现异构系统数据库的访问。也是工控领域常用的数据库通讯方式。该标准有自己的特色，但不能成为软件总线的主流。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">由此看来，各接口的标准化，都有成熟的技术供选择。当然，每个标准协议都不可能一统天下，经过优胜劣汰，其结果必然是几个标准协议共存的局面。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-: 1.0pt;">一个系统，只有每个接口，都实现了标准化，才能成为真正的开放楼宇自控系统。目前大部分厂家宣传的开放，一般仅限于在软件总线提供一种标准协议。举例来说，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-: 1.0pt;">A</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-: 1.0pt;">系统的数模转换层设备和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-: 1.0pt;">B</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-: 1.0pt;">系统的逻辑控制层设备通讯，如果采用软件总线中的</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-: 1.0pt;">OPC</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-: 1.0pt;">互联，意味着本来跨过</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-: 1.0pt;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-: 1.0pt;">个接口就能互联的，必须得跨过</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-: 1.0pt;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-: 1.0pt;">个接口才实现。（如下图）。这说明，系统越开放，连接的接口少，通讯成本低，速度快；反之，则连接接口多，通讯成本高，速度慢。</span></p> |
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