制冷行业中的常用术语...

 
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">制冷是指用机械方法，从一个有限的空间内取出热量，使该处的温度降低到所要求的程度。这个过程是靠热传递来完成的。有关制冷的一些常用名词术语简单介绍如下：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"> <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">1.1 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">温度</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">温度被用来表示物质冷与热的程度，温度的高低的程度可用温度计来度量，如玻璃温度计，管内的液体受热后膨胀，液面升高，冷却收缩后，液面降低，液面的高低表示温度的高低程度。下面简要介绍表示温度值的几种标准。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">a</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．摄氏温标</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">在标准大气压下，把水的冰点作为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">度，沸点作为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">100</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">度，在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">度与</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">100</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">度之间均衡的刻成</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">100</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">格，每格为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">l</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">度，以符号℃表示。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">b</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．华氏温标</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">在标准大气压下，把水的冰点定为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">32</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">度，而沸点定为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">212</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">度、二者之间均衡的刻成</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">180</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">格，每格为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">l</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">度，以符号</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">oF</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">表示。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">c</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．开氏温标</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">又称绝对温标</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">它以摄氏温标为基础、把水的冰点定为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">273.16</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">度，水的沸点定为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">373</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">．</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">16</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">度，理论上把物质中分子全部停止运动之点作为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">度，以符号</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">K</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">表示。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">常用温标是摄氏、华氏、开氏。它们之间的换算公式如下：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">华氏换算摄氏：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">摄氏换算成华氏：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">开氏与摄氏的关系：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>T= t + 273.16<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">式中：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"> T</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">：开氏温标，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">K</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">；</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"> t</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">：摄氏温标，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">oC</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">1.2 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">热量</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">物体温度的高低表示了物体的物质分子热运动剧烈的程度，温度的高低也表示物体所具有能量的高低，这种能量称为热能。当温度不同的两个物体相接触时，两者温度逐步趋于一致，发生了热能从温度较高的物体向温度较低的物体转移，此时物体所放出或吸收的能量称为热量。常用的热量单位有：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">a. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">卡</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">在标准大气压力下，将</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"> l</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">克的水加热或冷却，其温度升高或降低</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">l </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">℃时，所加进或除去的热量称为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">l</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">卡，以符号</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"> cal</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">表示。因卡的单位太小，工程上往往采用其</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">1000</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">倍的千卡或大卡来表示。具符号为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">kcal</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">b. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">英热单位在标准大气压下，将</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">11b(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">磅</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)(11b</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">＝</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">0.454kg)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">水加热或冷却，其温度升高或降低华氏温度</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">l oF</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">，所加进或除去的热量称为一个英热单位，其符号为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">Btu</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">c. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">焦耳</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">在国际单位制中，取热量单位与功的单位一致，以焦耳表示。焦耳相当于用</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">1N(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">牛顿</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">的力，共作用点在力的方向上移动</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">l m(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">米</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">所做的功。因此，在国际单位制中，焦耳是功和能的单位，采用这种单位使计算简化，焦耳的符号为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">J</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">。我国法定热量单位为焦耳。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">焦耳与卡之间的换算为：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">1 kJ(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">千焦耳</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">＝</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">0.239kcaI(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">千卡</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">l kcal(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">千卡</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">＝</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">4.19kJ(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">千焦耳</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">) <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="tab-stops: 90.35pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">其它常用换算公式为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">1 kcal(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">千卡</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">＝</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">3.969 Btu(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">英热单位</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">l Btu(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">英热单位</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">＝</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">252 cal(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">卡</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">1 kcal(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">千卡</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">＝</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">427 kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">m(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">千克·米</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">1 kW(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">千瓦</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">＝</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">860 kca1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">／</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">h(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">千卡／时</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">1 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">美国冷吨＝</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">3024 kca1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">／</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">h(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">千卡／时</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">日本冷吨＝</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">3320 kca1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">／</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">h(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">千卡／时</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>1.3 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">比热</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">任何物质当加进热量，它的温度会升高。但相同质量的不同物质，升高同样温度时，其所加进的热量是不一样的。为相互比较，把</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">l kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">水温度升高</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">1 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">℃所需的热量定为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">4.19kJ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">。以此作为标准，其它物质所需的热量与它的比值，称为比热。如</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"> l kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">水温度升高</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">l </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">℃需</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">4.19kJ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">，则比热值为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">4.19kJ(kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">·℃</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">，而</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"> l kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">铜温度升高</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">l </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">℃只需</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">0.39kJ</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">，则铜的比热为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">0.39kJ(kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">·℃</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">。不同材料有各自的比热值，下表为几种材料的比热值。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'">几种材料比热值</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4 style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.3pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">此信息来自<span lang="EN-US">-<span style="COLOR: #999999"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/"><span style="COLOR: #999999; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">深圳市凌通制冷机电有限公司</span></span></a></span>-</span>作者：凌通 <span style="COLOR: #999999" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/"><span style="COLOR: #999999; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">http://www.szltong.com/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></h4>
<h4 style="LINE-HEIGHT: 16.3pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">凌通</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/"><span style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">冷水机</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">主营产品：<span style="COLOR: silver" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/ProductShow.asp?id=475"><span style="COLOR: silver; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">水冷式冷水机</span></span></a></span><span style="COLOR: silver">，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/ProductShow.asp?id=481"><span style="COLOR: silver; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">开放式冷水机</span></span></a></span>，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/ProductShow.asp?id=476"><span style="COLOR: silver; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">发泡机专用冷水机</span></span></a></span>，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/ProductShow.asp?id=474"><span style="COLOR: silver; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">风冷式冷水机</span></span></a></span>，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/ProductShow.asp?id=461"><span style="COLOR: silver; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">半封闭螺杆式冷水机</span></span></a></span>，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/ProductShow.asp?id=479"><span style="COLOR: silver; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">风冷式螺杆冷水机组</span></span></a></span>，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/ProductShow.asp?id=478"><span style="COLOR: silver; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">水冷式螺杆冷水机</span></span></a></span>，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/ProductShow.asp?id=465"><span style="COLOR: silver; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">运水式模具恒温机</span></span></a></span>，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/ProductShow.asp?id=466"><span style="COLOR: silver; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">双温模温机</span></span></a></span>，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/ProductShow.asp?id=471"><span style="COLOR: silver; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">运油式模具恒温机</span></span></a></span>，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/ProductShow.asp?id=452"><span style="COLOR: silver; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">冷却水塔</span></span></a></span>，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/ProductShow.asp?id=480"><span style="COLOR: silver; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">空气热源泵</span></span></a></span>，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.szltong.com/ProductShow.asp?id=477"><span style="COLOR: silver; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">低温冷冻机</span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h4>