[转帖]弱电系统中的防雷技术
<p class="MsoTitle"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin">简述弱电系统中的防雷施工</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">论文关键词</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">直击雷</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">感应雷</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">弱电系统</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">防雷措施</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">球形雷</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">论文摘要</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">雷电可分为直击雷、感应雷</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">包括静电感应和电磁感应</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">和球形雷</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">文章对雷电的三种表现形式进行了分析</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">重点探讨了直击雷和感应雷对弱电系统的危害以及预防措施。</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">一、雷电的分类</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">雷电是雷云层接近大地时</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">地面感应出相反电荷</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">当电荷积聚到一定程度</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">产生云和云之间以及云和大地之间放电</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">迸发出光和声的现象。雷电可分为直击雷、感应雷</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">包括静电感应和电磁感应</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">和球形雷。</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">一</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">直击雷</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">大气中带有电荷的雷云对地电压可高达几亿伏。雷云同地面凸出物之间的电场强度达到空气的击穿强度时</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">产生的放电现象称为直击雷。此时雷电的主要破坏力在于电流特性而不在于放电产生的高电位。大气放电直接通过地面建构筑物和地面设备</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">强大的雷电流经过这些物体入地</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">在瞬间产生很大的机械振动力和高温高热使物体遭到破坏。当雷电流通过具有电阻或电感的物体时将产生很大的电压降和感应电压</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">能破坏绝缘</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">产生火花</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">引起燃烧、爆炸</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">使设备部件熔化</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">在雷电流流过的通道上物体水分受热汽化而剧烈膨胀</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">产生强大的冲击性机械力。该机械力可以达到</span><span lang="EN-US">5000~6000N,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">因而可使人体组织</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">建筑物结构、设备部件等断裂破碎</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">从而导致人员伤亡、建筑物破坏</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">以及设备毁坏等。</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">二</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">感应雷</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">感应雷是指当雷云来临时地面上的一切物体</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">尤其是导体</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">由于静电感应</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">都聚集起大量的雷电极性相反的束缚电荷</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">在雷云对地或对另一雷云闪击放电后</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">云中的电荷就变成了自由电荷</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">从而产生出很高的静电电压</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">感应电压</span><span lang="EN-US">),</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">其过电压幅值可达到几万到几十万伏</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">这种过电压往往会造成建筑物内的导线</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">接地不良的金属物导体和大型的金属设备放电而引起电火花</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">从而引起火灾、爆炸、危及人身安全或对供电系统造成的危害。另一种情况是</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">在雷电闪击时</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">由于雷电流的变化率大而在雷电流的通道附近就形成了一个很强的感应电磁场</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">对建筑物内的电子设备造成干扰、破坏</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">又可能使周围的金属构件产生感应电流</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">从而产生大量的热而引起火灾。另外</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">当架空线遭受直击雷或产生感应雷</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">高电位便会沿着导线电源线以及信号侵入变电站或建筑物内</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">这种雷电波侵入也会对电气设备造成危害或使建筑物内的金属设备放电</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">引起破坏作用。它分为静电感应雷和电磁感应雷。</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">1.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">静电感应雷</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">是由于带电积云接近地面</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">在架空线路导线或其他导电凸出物顶部感应出大量电荷引起的。它将产生很高的电位。</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">2.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">电磁感应雷</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">是由于雷电放电时</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">巨大的冲击雷电流在周围空间产生迅速变化的强磁场引起的。这种迅速变化的磁场能在邻近的导体上感应出很高的电动势。雷电感应引起的电磁能量若不及时泄入地下</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">可能产生放电火花</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">引起火灾、爆炸或造成触电事故。</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">三</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">球形雷</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">球形雷通常认为是一个炽热的等离子体</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">温度极高</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">并发生红色、橙色的球形发光体</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">直径在</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">～</span><span lang="EN-US">20cm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">以上。球雷常沿着地面滚动或在空气中飘动</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">可从烟囱、门窗或其他缝隙进入建筑物内部</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">有时也自行消失</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">或伤害人身和破坏物体。</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">现在智能建筑主要由建筑自动化系统</span><span lang="EN-US">(BAS)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">、办公自动化系统</span><span lang="EN-US">(OAS)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">、信息通信系统</span><span lang="EN-US">(CAS)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">三个系统组成</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">并利用计算机网络技术、通信技术将此三个系统进行系统集成。即将智能建筑管理系统</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">以语言、数据、视频、监控等不同信号的配线系统经过统一的规划设计</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">综合成一套标准的布线系统</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">作为建筑物内部之间的传输网络的综合布线系统</span><span lang="EN-US">(GCS),</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">又名弱电系统</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">可分为建筑物内综合布线、建筑物群内部之间的综合布线。</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">从以上关于智能建筑的有关构成中可以看出</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">智能建筑线缆密布、系统设备繁多、微电子装备复杂</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">且过电压防护能力薄弱</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">为保证系统、设备安全正常运行</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">必须采取专门、特殊的措施加以保护</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">而防雷、接地则是重要必备和有效的保护措施之一。</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">直击雷的防护系统主要是为了保护建筑物免受直接雷击引起火灾事故及人身安全事故</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">须从接闪装置、引下线、接地装置等三个方面综合考虑。</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">接闪装置就是我们常说的避雷针、避雷带、避雷线或避雷网</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">接闪就是让在一定程度范围内出现的闪电放电不能任意地选择放电通道</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">而只能按照人们事先设计的防雷系统的规定通道</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">将雷电能量泄放到大地中去。</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">接地装置就是让已经引入防雷系统的闪电电流顺利地流入大地</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">而不能让雷电能量集中在防雷系统的某处对被保护物体产生破坏作用</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">良好的接地才能有效地泄放雷电能量</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">降低引下线上的电压</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">避免发生反击。</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">引下线就是把接闪装置和接地装置连接起来。</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">对于直击雷重要的一点就是做到均压</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">接闪装置在接闪雷电时</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">引下线立即产生高电位</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">会对防雷系统周围的尚处于地电位的导体产生旁侧闪络</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">并使其电位升高</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">进而对人员和设备构成危害。为了减少这种闪络危险</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">最简单的办法是采用均压环</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">将处于地电位的导体等电位连接起来</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">一直到接地装置。室内的金属设施、电气装置和电子设备</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">如果其与防雷系统的导体</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">特别是接闪装置的距离达不到规定的安全要求时</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">则应该用较粗的导线把它们与防雷系统进行等电位连接。这样在闪电电流通过时</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">室内的所有设施立即形成一个“等电位岛”</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">保证导电部件之间不产生有害的电位差</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">不发生旁侧闪络放电。完善的等电位连接还可以防止闪电电流入地造成的地电位升高所产生的反击。</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">以弱电系统的防雷而言</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">除雷电直击外</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">最具有破坏作用的是二次效应</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">也就是静电感应雷和电磁感应雷</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">由于雷电具有高电位、大冲击电流、瞬时性的特点</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">强大的闪电产生静电场、交变电磁场和电磁辐射</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">以雷电波侵入、地电位反击等形成雷电电磁脉冲</span><span lang="EN-US">LEMP,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">产生强大的变电磁场、使周围的金属产生感应电势和感应电流。</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">随着微电子设备的广泛应用</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">雷电浪涌是引起人们极大重视的一种雷电危害</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">同时其防护方式也不断完善。最常见的电子设备危害不是由于直接雷击引起的</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">而是由于雷击发生时在电源和通讯线路中感应的电流浪涌引起的。一方面由于电子设备内部结构高度集成化</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">从而造成设备耐压、耐过电流的水平下降</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">对雷电</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">包括感应雷及操作过电压浪涌</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">的承受能力下降</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">另一方面由于信号来源路径增多</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">系统较以前更容易遭受雷电波侵入。雷电浪涌对弱电设备的危害主要分为电源浪涌和信号系统浪涌两方面。电源浪涌属于强电的范畴</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">不在本文讨论之中。</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">信号系统浪涌电压的主要来源是感应雷击、电磁干扰、无线电干扰和静电干扰。金属物体</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">如传输线</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">受到这些干扰信号的影响</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">会使传输中的数据产生误码</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">影响传输的准确性和传输速率。排除这些干扰将会改善网络的传输状况。</span> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">屏蔽防雷措施的目的是阻挡空间电磁波感应、过电压以及磁场能量侵入被保护的通信设备</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">起到抑制、消除电磁场的干扰和危害。建筑通信机房时</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">房屋的六面应敷设金属屏蔽网</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">进出机房的电力线、信号线如无屏蔽层</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">从室外引入前必须穿管埋地</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">架空音频电缆的牵引钢丝两端应进行接地</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">最大限度衰减从各种导线上引入雷电高电压</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast">以减少雷电电磁干扰。</span> </p>
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