[推荐]公路隧道照明主要因素
<p class="p0" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)">影响公路隧道照明设计的因素很多，往往因照明设计参数的选取不同，给工程投资与运营产生很大的影响。鉴此，有必要对设计参数对照明功率的影响进行定量分析，探讨其间的相互关系，达到节能与节约工程投资的目的。本文将就这一问题进行论述，以期对照明设计、照明设计标准的修订起到借鉴作用。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)">2<font face="宋体">．设计参数</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)">公路隧道照明设计参数，包括隧道特性参数、环境参数、交通参数、隧道照明灯参数以及养护管理参数<font face="Times New="New"Roman">5</font><font face="宋体">个方面。</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)">(1)<font face="宋体">隧道特性参数：包括隧道坡度</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">(S</font><font face="宋体">，</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">ayo)</font><font face="宋体">、净宽（</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">w</font><font face="宋体">，米）、隧道长度（</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">L</font><font face="宋体">，米）和路面反射性能（</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">F</font><font face="宋体">，以亮度与照度的换算系数表示）：</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)">(2)<font face="宋体">环境参数：以洞外亮度</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">(L20)</font><font face="宋体">来反映；</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)">(3)<font face="宋体">交通参数：包括设计期末高峰小时交通量（</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">Q</font><font face="宋体">，辆／小时）、设计速度（</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">v</font><font face="宋体">，公里／小时）、以及交通组织（单向交通或双向交通）：</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)">(4)<font face="宋体">隧道照明灯参数：由于设计时不能规定产品规格，而不同厂家的隧道照明灯的配光曲线不同，故只能按照利用系数法进行设计，因此，设计中与隧道照明灯相关的参数有光源的光效</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">(E</font><font face="宋体">，</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">Im/w)</font><font face="宋体">、每盏灯的功率（</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">P</font><font face="宋体">，瓦）和灯具利用系数</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">(N)</font><font face="宋体">：</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)">(5)<font face="宋体">养护管理参数：以</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">M</font><font face="宋体">来表示。</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">3</font><font face="宋体">．入口段长度与坡度的关系</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)">隧道照明段落划分为入口段、过渡段基本段和出口段<font face="Times New="New"Roman">4</font><font face="宋体">个部分，在此主要讨论入口段与过渡段。</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="p0" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0pt; MARGIN-TOP: 0pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)">以<font face="Times New="New"Roman">D</font><font face="宋体">：代表照明停车视距（米），</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">h</font><font face="宋体">代表洞口内净空高度（米），则根据《公路隧道通风照明设计规范》 </font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">(JTJ 026. 1-1999)</font><font face="宋体">（以下简称《规范》），隧道入口段长度</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">Dth</font><font face="宋体">（米）可按下式计算</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">‘¨</font><font face="宋体">：</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)">Dtri<font face="宋体">二</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">l. 154Ds- (H-l. 5) /Tanloo (1)</font><font face="宋体">根据《规范》表</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">4.3. 2-2</font><font face="宋体">的数据，回归可得照明停车视距</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">Dth</font><font face="宋体">（米）与坡度</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">S</font><font face="宋体">的关系如下：</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)">Ds=-0. 0008(S+5) 3+0. 0689 (S+5)’<font face="宋体">一</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">3. 3826 (S+5) +115. 7 (V=80</font><font face="宋体">，最大误差</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">0.79( 796)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; BACKGROUND: rgb(255,255,255); COLOR: rgb(31,31,31); FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes'; mso-shading: rgb(255,255,255)">(2)<font face="宋体">把式</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">(2)</font><font face="宋体">代入式</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">(1)</font><font face="宋体">可得</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">V=80</font><font face="宋体">时入口段长度为，</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">Dth=-0. 00092 (S+5) 3</font><font face="宋体">十</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">0. 080549 (S+5) 2_3. 90352 (S</font><font face="宋体">十</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">5) -5. 6713H</font><font face="宋体">十</font><font face="Times New="New"Roman">142. 0247</font></span></p>
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