tjjunli 发表于 2007-11-22 15:34:00

光纤熔接技术

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font size="2">光纤熔接技术</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/><font size="2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font size="2">光纤传输具有传输频带宽、通信容量大、损耗低、不受电磁干扰、光缆直径小、重量轻、原材料来源丰富等优点,因而正成为新的传输媒介。光在光纤中传输时会产生损耗,这种损耗主要是由光纤自身的传输损耗和光纤接头处的熔接损耗组成。光缆一经定购,其光纤自身的传输损耗也基本确定,而光纤接头处的熔接损耗则与光纤的本身及现场施工有关。努力降低光纤接头处的熔接损耗,则可增大光纤中继放大传输距离和提高光纤链路的衰减裕量。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font size="2">  一、影响光纤熔接损耗的主要因素</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font size="2">  影响光纤熔接损耗的因素较多,大体可分为光纤本征因素和非本征因素两类。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">.光纤本征因素是指光纤自身因素,主要有四点。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/></font></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)光纤模场直径不一致;</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)两根光纤芯径失配;</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)纤芯截面不圆;</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)纤芯与包层同心度不佳。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  其中光纤模场直径不一致影响最大,按</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">CCITT(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">国际电报电话咨询委员会</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">建议,单模光纤的容限标准如下:</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  模场直径:(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">9~10μm</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">±10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">%,即容限约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">±1μm</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">;</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  包层直径:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">125±3μm</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">;</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  模场同心度误差</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">≤6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">%,包层不圆度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">≤2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">%。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">.影响光纤接续损耗的非本征因素即接续技术。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/></font></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)轴心错位:单模光纤纤芯很细,两根对接光纤轴心错位会影响接续损耗。当错位</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1.2μm</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">时,接续损耗达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">0.5dB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)轴心倾斜:当光纤断面倾斜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1°</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">时,约产生</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">0.6dB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">的接续损耗,如果要求接续损耗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">≤0.1dB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">,则单模光纤的倾角应为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">≤0.3°</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)端面分离:活动连接器的连接不好,很容易产生端面分离,造成连接损耗较大。当熔接机放电电压较低时,也容易产生端面分离,此情况一般在有拉力测试功能的熔接机中可以发现。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)端面质量:光纤端面的平整度差时也会产生损耗,甚至气泡。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)接续点附近光纤物理变形:光缆在架设过程中的拉伸变形,接续盒中夹固光缆压力太大等,都会对接续损耗有影响,甚至熔接几次都不能改善。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">.其他因素的影响。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font size="3">  </font><font size="2">接续人员操作水平、操作步骤、盘纤工艺水平、熔接机中电极清洁程度、熔接参数设置、工作环境清洁程度等均会影响到熔接损耗的值。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/><font size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font size="3">  </font><font size="2">二、降低光纤熔接损耗的措施</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">.一条线路上尽量采用同一批次的优质名牌裸纤</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  对于同一批次的光纤,其模场直径基本相同,光纤在某点断开后,两端间的模场直径可视为一致,因而在此断开点熔接可使模场直径对光纤熔接损耗的影响降到最低程度。所以要求光缆生产厂家用同一批次的裸纤,按要求的光缆长度连续生产,在每盘上顺序编号并分清</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">A</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">B</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">端,不得跳号。敷设光缆时须按编号沿确定的路由顺序布放,并保证前盘光缆的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">B</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">端要和后一盘光缆的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">A</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">端相连,从而保证接续时能在断开点熔接,并使熔接损耗值达到最小。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">.光缆架设按要求进行</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  在光缆敷设施工中,严禁光缆打小圈及折、扭曲,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">3km</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">的光缆必须</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">80</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">人以上施工,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">4km</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">必须</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">100</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">人以上施工,并配备</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">部对讲机;另外</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">前走后跟,光缆上肩</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">的放缆方法,能够有效地防止打背扣的发生。牵引力不超过光缆允许的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">80</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">%,瞬间最大牵引力不超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">100</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">%,牵引力应加在光缆的加强件上。敷放光缆应严格按光缆施工要求,从而最低限度地降低光缆施工中光纤受损伤的几率,避免光纤芯受损伤导致的熔接损耗增大。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"> 3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">.挑选经验丰富训练有素的光纤接续人员进行接续</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  现在熔接大多是熔接机自动熔接,但接续人员的水平直接影响接续损耗的大小。接续人员应严格按照光纤熔接工艺流程图进行接续,并且熔接过程中应一边熔接一边用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">OTDR</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">测试熔接点的接续损耗。不符合要求的应重新熔接,对熔接损耗值较大的点,反复熔接次数以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">次为宜,多根光纤熔接损耗都较大时,可剪除一段光缆重新开缆熔接。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/></font></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">.接续光缆应在整洁的环境中进行</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font size="3">  </font><font size="2">严禁在多尘及潮湿的环境中露天操作,光缆接续部位及工具、材料应保持清洁,不得让光纤接头受潮,准备切割的光纤必须清洁,不得有污物。切割后光纤不得在空气中暴露时间过长尤其是在多尘潮湿的环境中。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">.选用精度高的光纤端面切割器来制备光纤端面</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/></font></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">光纤端面的好坏直接影响到熔接损耗大小,切割的光纤应为平整的镜面,无毛刺,无缺损。光纤端面的轴线倾角应小于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">度,高精度的光纤端面切割器不但提高光纤切割的成功率,也可以提高光纤端面的质量。这对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">OTDR</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">测试不着的熔接点(即</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">OTDR</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">测试盲点)和光纤维护及抢修尤为重要。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">.熔接机的正确使用</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font size="3">  </font><font size="2">熔接机的功能就是把两根光纤熔接到一起,所以正确使用熔接机也是降低光纤接续损耗的重要措施。根据光纤类型正确合理地设置熔接参数、预放电电流、时间及主放电电流、主放电时间等,并且在使用中和使用后及时去除熔接机中的灰尘,特别是夹具、各镜面和v型槽内的粉尘和光纤碎末的去除。每次使用前应使熔接机在熔接环境中放置至少十五分钟,特别是在放置与使用环境差别较大的地方(如冬天的室内与室外),根据当时的气压、温度、湿度等环境情况,重新设置熔接机的放电电压及放电位置,以及使v型槽驱动器复位等调整。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/><font size="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font size="2">  三、光纤接续点损耗的测量</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  光损耗是度量一个光纤接头质量的重要指标,有几种测量方法可以确定光纤接头的光损耗,如使用光时域反射仪(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">OTDR</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)或熔接接头的损耗评估方案等。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">.熔接接头损耗评估</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><font size="3">  </font><font size="2">某些熔接机使用一种光纤成像和测量几何参数的断面排列系统。通过从两个垂直方向观察光纤,计算机处理并分析该图像来确定包层的偏移、纤芯的畸变、光纤外径的变化和其他关键参数,使用这些参数来评价接头的损耗。依赖于接头和它的损耗评估算法求得的接续损耗可能和真实的接续损耗有相当大的差异。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">.使用光时域反射仪(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">OTDR</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><br/></span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">  光时域反射仪(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">OTDR</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">Optical Time Domain Reflectometer</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">)又称背向散射仪,其原理是:往光纤中传输光脉冲时,由于在光纤中散射的微量光,返回光源侧后,可以利用时基来观察反射的返回光程度。由于光纤的模场直径影响它的后向散射,因此在接头两边的光纤可能会产生不同的后向散射,从而遮蔽接头的真实损耗。如果从两个方向测量接头的损耗,并求出这两个结果的平均值,便可消除单向</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">OTDR</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">测量的人为因素误差。然而,多数情况是操作人员仅从一个方向测量接头损耗,其结果并不十分准确,事实上,由于具有失配模场直径的光纤引起的损耗可能比内在接头损耗自身大</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">倍。</span></font></p><p></p><p>我公司面向国内外市场,向国内外广大客户提供以铜缆、光纤、无线通讯为核心的系统网络集成,在光纤网络通讯,综合布线,无线网络通信方面有全面独到的解决方案。产品囊括光纤跳线、接续盒、耦合器、终端盒、收发器等,如您有此方面需要,请联系我们。<br/>望与贵公司建立长期愉快的合作!互利互惠~~~<br/>公司网址:<a href="http://www.junlicn.com">http://www.junlicn.com</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href="http://www.tjjunli.cn">http://www.tjjunli.cn</a><br/>联系电话:022-87411700&nbsp;&nbsp; 13323358068<br/>传真:022-87411700-802</p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-11-26 13:31:43编辑过]

li13524251311 发表于 2007-12-27 14:31:00

写得这么好,居然没有要顶一下,我来!生气!

devilmo 发表于 2008-1-2 10:51:00

dingding

烨子 发表于 2008-1-2 11:55:00

呵呵,主要是人们忙的没看到这么好的资料。也真是的。

牧马人 发表于 2008-1-2 14:28:00

hh1978 发表于 2008-8-19 14:19:00

支持好文章!

xueluan 发表于 2008-8-20 09:28:00

写得好!

chenxiaoxia 发表于 2008-8-25 16:18:00

<p>好文章当然要.顶.</p><p></p>

hduseemail 发表于 2008-8-30 19:48:00

dingding

vdun 发表于 2008-9-21 00:32:00

学习了,谢谢楼主

芝花87654321 发表于 2008-9-24 14:21:00

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zhupeng 发表于 2008-10-30 09:23:00

<p>写的很好,支持</p><p></p>

澜子 发表于 2008-11-14 13:34:00

hkxlinhf 发表于 2008-11-24 19:13:00

不错,顶

悬崖88 发表于 2008-12-4 11:06:00

太好了

liangrenjie 发表于 2009-7-13 01:08:00

<p>多少年前的老教条,你抄者不累吗?</p>

yuandebo101010 发表于 2009-7-15 09:41:00

<p>上海专门做CISCO H3C OEM模块。电话 13482493699</p>&nbsp;QQ 117925902

hq8761 发表于 2009-7-15 22:21:00

学习一下

hxfxt 发表于 2009-7-17 09:45:00

学习了,顶

lag9139 发表于 2009-8-1 00:38:00

<p>学习学习</p>
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